Wednesday, May 15, 2019

May 2019: Blenheim Palace and Chatsworth House

We took the opportunity to visit Blenheim Palace and Chatsworth House with two of our temple ordinance worker colleagues, Marvin and Stephanie Smith.  The Smiths live in Provo now but for many years they lived and worked in the Atlanta area where they also served in the Atlanta Temple.

Blenheim Palace

Blenheim Palace is named after the 1704 Battle of Blenheim (in southern Germany) where John Churchill, General of the British forces defeated the French and Germans.  For this service, Churchill was named the First Duke of Marlborough by Queen Anne, who also provided financing for his estate.  Blenheim Palace became the principal residence of the succeeding Dukes of Marlborough, and the only non-royal country house in England to hold the title of palace. It is one of England's largest houses and was built from 1705 and 1722.  Among the descendants of this family are Sir Winston Churchill, former Prime Minister of Great Britain and Lady Diana Spencer, the late Princess of Wales.


A 1702 Painting of John Churchill, the First Duke of Marlborough, his wife Sarah, their four daughters Henrietta, Anne, Elizabeth and Mary and their son.  Anne (shown in the red dress) married Charles Spencer and is a fore bearer of Lady Diana Spencer, the late Princess of Wales. 

The line of succession for the Dukes of Marlborough showing that Sir Winston Churchill is also a descendant of the illustrious Spencer-Churchill family.

In the library of Blenheim palace is a marble statue of Queen Ann, the monarch who made John Churchill the Duke of Marlborough and provided the financing for his Blenheim Palace estate. 


Panoramic view of the front of Blenheim Palace.

The "back yard" of Blenheim Palace with beautiful fountains and gardens.

Sister Burkinshaw in front of the Blenheim Palace fountains.

Blenheim Palace great hall ceiling which shows the Duke of Marlborough presenting the plan for the battle of Blenheim to Britannia, the personification of the United Kingdom.

Paintings of the Churchill family, all part of the Dukedom of Marlborough in one of the beautifully appointed parlors.


Sister Burkinshaw in the Blenheim Palace dining room.

One of the stunning wall tapestries showing the 1704 Battle of Blenheim which gave rise to Blenheim Palace.

We listened to a beautiful organ concert of the pipe organ in Blenheim Palace.  The organ was constructed for the 8th Duke of Marlborough who left the following inscription:
"In memory of happy days and as a tribute to this glorious home, we leave thy voice to speak within these walls in years to come when ours are still." 1891
This is the largest organ in private ownership in Europe, with four manuals and pedals, 2300 pipes and 53 speaking stops.

Blenheim Palace chapel with white marble sarcophagus for John and Sarah Churchill.  Notice the pulpit has a small canopy over it called a "sounding board" which helps project the voice of the speaker.

The chapel mausoleum which holds the bodies of John and Sarah Churchill, the First Duke and Duchess of Marlborough with statues that represent them as Caesar and Caesarina.  Successive Dukes and their wives are also interred in the vault beneath the chapel.


Winston Churchill and Blenheim Palace

Since one of the most famous descendants of the Duke of Marlborough was Sir Winston Churchill, there is a special display about his early life at Blenheim Palace.

A sculpture of Winston Churchill at his special exhibit in Blenheim Palace.

A picture of Winston Churchill and his Grandmother Frances who was an important mentor.  "Winston's childhood was not entirely happy.  His glamorous, socialite parents, Lord and Lady Randolph Churchill, were not generous with their time.  But his Grandmother, France, 7th Duchess of Marlborough, nourished him with affection and guidance.  Before and during his difficult schooldays, she encouraged and helped Winston to develop his love of nature and the sense of history that would drive his adult life.  Love, duty and destiny first visited Winston during his youth at Blenheim."


Winston and Clementine Churchill were married on the 12th September 1908.  Winston had chosen the beautiful setting of Blenheim's "Temple of Diana" for his proposal.  Their courtship was intensely romantic and their wedding took place a month after their engagement.  Clementine was a vital constant in Winston's life - a source of strength, support and guidance throughout the 56 years of their long and happy marriage.


The story of Winston Churchill's proposal to Clementine.

The story of Clementine's acceptance of Winston's proposal of marriage.

A photo of Winston Churchill in his later years.

A mural of Winston Churchill with Queen Victoria and his mother.  Note that he wears the insignia of the Most Noble Order of the Garter established by King Edward III in an effort to model King Arthur and the Round Table. 

While a Blenheim palace, we got to see a cricket match - we still don't understand the game! ;-)

A panoramic view of the side yard of Blenheim Palace with Sister Burkinshaw and Elder and Sister Smith on the right.

Chatsworth House

Chatsworth House has been described as "one of the grandest private homes in the world." It is the seat of the Duke of Devonshire and has been home to the Cavendish family since 1549.  It contains an important collection of paintings, furniture, Old Master drawings, neoclassical sculptures, books and other artifacts.  Chatsworth has been selected as the United Kingdom's favorite country house several times. Chatsworth House may be most familiar as the exterior and interiors for Mr Darcy's swanky mansion at Pemberly in the 2005 movie "Pride and Prejudice."  It is only a 45 minute drive from the Burkinshaw ancestral home in the Barnsley area of South Yorkshire.

The land for the estate was purchased by Sir William Cavendish (Treasurer of King Henry VIII) and his wife Bess of Hardwick.  Bess began to build house in 1553.  Sir William died in 1557, but Bess finished the house in the 1560s.  She fired the first architect because she felt he was making things to ostentatious and hired someone who would cater to her more simple tastes.  Bess died in 1608 and Chatsworth was passed to her eldest son, Henry. The estate was purchased from Henry by his brother William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire.  William Cavendish's great grandson became the 1st Duke of Devonshire in 1694 for helping to put William of Orange on the English throne and Chatsworth has been the seat of this dukedom since that time.


Chatsworth House with the access bridge, built in 1764, across the River Derwent.

Main entry hall of Chatsworth House with murals from the life of Julius Caesar.
Sister Burkinshaw at the top of the grand staircase in the main hall of Chatsworth House.

Chatsworth House main entry hall from the other direction.  

A photo from the 2005 Pride and Prejudice movie in Chatsworth House main hall.

The veiled Vestal Virgin, by the Italian Sculptor Raffaele Monti, is one of the most popular pieces of art at Chatsworth. Although it appears to be one piece of seamless marble, the Virgin is actually made up of four pieces fixed together. There are no other tricks here, everything else, including the magnificent veil, comes from the artist’s skill and technique.


Sister Burkinshaw at the Chatsworth Chapel which is still used for special occassions such as family christenings.  The gold statue in the statuary is entitled "St Bartholomew's Exquisite Pain" depicting the martyred apostle with his flayed skin and the curved flensing knife with which he was skinned.  The painting above the statuary portrays the Biblical story of Doubting Thomas.  It is believed that it was chosen as the ideal parable to match the family motto, Cavendo Tutus, meaning "safety through caution."


The ceiling mural in the Chatsworth chapel of the resurrected Jesus with the angels.


Bess of Hardwick, wife of William Cavendish and the builder and first owner of Chatsworth House.  Cavendish was Treasurer for Henry VIII who used the money he made as Treasurer to buy the land and finance Chatsworth beginning in 1553.  Bess was really the visionary who directed the building of Chatsworth House despite Williams death in 1557 and the house was completed in 1563.

King Henry VIII, the benefactor who indirectly provided the financing for Chatsworth House through the remuneration of his Treasurer, William Cavendish.


Panoramic view of the music room in Chatsworth House.  Gilded leather lines the walls in this room.  A violin appears to hang from a peg in the doorway which is a "trompe l’oeil" or painting that tricks the eye by artist Jan van der Vaardt.
This is the state bedchamber of William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire and senior courtier to King George II.  He took the bed in 1761 as a perk from the estate of King George II after the king died in that very bed.  His wife Charlotte added the 17th century Brussels tapestries to the walls. 
Ceiling mural in the state bedchamber at Chatsworth House.
Sister Burkinshaw near the bottom of the Oak Staircase with a wall of paintings of the Cavendish family.

A broader view of the Oak Staircase with Cavendish Family paintings. 

The beautiful dome above the Oak Staircase which provides light for the Cavendish Family paintings.
The Chatsworth House library with the first Axminster carpets (1830) which rivaled the French Savonnerie carpets.   The 17,000 books in these rooms form part of one of the most significant private book collections in Britain.
Sister Burkinshaw with the Steinway piano tucked into the corner of the library. 
Sister Burkinshaw in the Great Dining Room of Chatsworth House.  The first dinner given in here was in 1832 and hosted for the future Queen Victoria who was 13 at the time for  her first formal dinner experience.  The room is still used today to host up to 40 guests.
The east-facing back yard of Chatsworth House.

Sister Burkinshaw in front of the Chatsworth water cascade, designed by Monsieur Grillet, a French hydraulics engineer with experience in decorative waterworks for Louis XIV of France, took two years to build and was completed in 1696.

Sister Burkinshaw on the south side of Chatsworth House.  The stairs in the distance figure prominently in the 2005 Pride and Prejudice movie.

The south side of the Chatsworth House estate with the Emperor fountain, which also plays an important role in the 2005 Pride and Prejudice movie. 


As we were driving to Chatsworth House, we passed the 14th century Church of St Mary and All Saints in Chesterfield which caught our attention. Known for its twisted and leaning spire, an architectural phenomenon which has led to the church being given the common byname of the Crooked Spire, it is now believed that the twisting of the spire was caused by the lead that covers the spire because when the sun shines during the day the south side of the tower heats up, causing the lead there to expand at a greater rate than that of the north side of the tower, resulting in unequal expansion and contraction.  However, among the townspeople, the well-established explanation (legend) goes that a virgin once married in the church, and the church was so surprised that the spire turned to look at the bride, and continues that if another virgin marries in the church, the spire will return to true.

We close sharing a thought we gave at one of our temple preparation meetings.


Sister Becky Craven in her October 2018 General Conference talk entitled “Careful or Casual,” said following: 
“We are disciples of Jesus Christ, and as such we are about elevating others, lifting them to a higher, holier place where they too can reap greater blessings.”
“I also plead with you not to be critical of others making this same journey. We are each in the process of growth and change.”
This is illustrated by the following story:
When I was 18, as I was preparing to serve a mission, my bishop called me to teach the Sunbeams. I had never before learned to love others more than myself until I had served those children in such a simple assignment. With time and patience I learned how to keep those seven children in their seats and listening to a simple lesson.
One day I invited Mike to come to church and sit in my class. Mike was my age but had stopped attending church completely by the time he was 12. We had remained friends over the years as I had served as the deacons quorum president, the teachers quorum president, and first assistant to the bishop in the priests quorum. He had been the topic of many fellowshipping discussions and was often part of my prayers as the years had passed. Once in a while Mike would accept my invitations to come to an activity. It always surprised me when he did, so I kept inviting him.
At that time, Mike had long, black hair and a beard. His complexion was dark and pleasant. I don’t remember when I invited him to my Primary class, but one day he showed up.
“Class, I would like to introduce you to my friend Mike,” is how I began my lesson. “He is visiting us today.”
Mike sat next to me in front. The children sat in a semicircle with their eyes fixed on him. They were much quieter than usual. I was about five or six minutes into the lesson when one little boy got up from his chair and walked across the room and stood directly in front of my friend. The boy paused for a moment and then climbed onto his lap. I continued with the lesson as I watched the two of them from the corner of my eye.
The boy sat looking into Mike’s face. Mike was quite uncomfortable but did not interrupt the lesson or turn the boy away. The other children watched the two of them for a few minutes.
Then one of the girls climbed off her seat and approached Mike. I was intently interested in seeing how Mike would react and did not want to instruct the two children to return to their seats. The girl stood with her hand on Mike’s knee looking into his face.
Then it happened. The boy on Mike’s lap reached up with both hands and turned Mike’s face directly to his. I stopped my lesson to see what was about to unfold.
With the innocence of a child, he said to Mike, “Are you Jesus?”
The look on Mike’s face was total surprise. It seemed, as I glanced at the children’s faces, they all had the same question on their minds.
Mike looked at me as if to say, Help, what do I say?
In a flash of inspiration, I stepped in and said, “No, this is not Jesus. This is His brother.”
Mike looked at me as if in shock.
Then without hesitation the boy in Mike’s lap reached up and wrapped his arms around Mike’s neck. “I can tell,” the boy said as he hugged Mike.
The rest of the children smiled and nodded in agreement as their simple question was answered. Mike blinked back the tears in response to the love he felt from this small Sunbeam. The lesson went on, but that day the teacher who taught the most was a three-year-old child.
Mike spent more than a year getting ready to serve a mission. It thrilled me to learn that he left for the mission field a few months before I returned.  (Ken Merrell, “The Visitor,” May 2000 New Era)
Jesus taught “Whosoever therefore shall humble himself as this little child, the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven.  And whoso shall receive one such little child in my name receiveth me.” (Matthew 18:4-5)
President Monson taught, “[People] need fewer critics and  more role models to follow.” (Thomas S. Monson, “Anxiously Engaged,” Ensign, Nov. 2004, 56)
May we be more child-like in our treatment of others.  In the name of Jesus Christ, Amen.
Cheers,
Elder and Sister Burkinshaw

Monday, May 6, 2019

May 2019: Kathleen and Bryce Visit

Kathleen and Bryce spent a week with us and we were able to show them some of the many historic sites here, but the best thing was they were here while the temple was open and we did some sealings with Kathleen as proxy for the daughters. We love our London Temple Sealers who are sensitive to desires of families in performing these memorable ordinances. 

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the London Temple after a session.

The tulips are beautiful right now, these are at the East entrance to the temple.


Hever Castle

Hever Castle began as a country house, built in the 13th century. From 1462 to 1539, it was the seat of the Boleyn (originally 'Bullen') family.  The oldest part of the castle dates to 1270 and was converted into a manor in 1462 by Geoffrey Boleyn, younger brother of Thomas Bolyen adding a Tudor dwelling within the walls. The castle was renovated in the 20th century, when it was acquired by William Waldorf Astor.

Our first visit was to Hever castle, Anne Boleyn's childhood home, which is about 30 mins. from the temple. We were on the afternoon shift while they were here so we did half day adventures before our shift.

The tulips at Hever Castle were equally beautiful to the temple tulips.

Kathleen and Bryce in the dining hall of Hever castle. During the time of the Bullens (as the Boleyn family was originally known), this stunning room was the Great Hall. Initially open to the roof rafters, the Bullen family would have dined in this room and entertained Henry VIII and his entourage here when he visited.

A Knight's armor in the entry hall. Bryce would have made an awesome knight!

The library at Hever castle overlooking the moat and Anne Boleyn’s orchard, the stunning Library originally contained 2,500 books.

This marriage tapestry dated at 1525 AD illustrates the marriage of King Henry VIII’s younger sister, Princess Mary Rose Tudor to King Louis XII of France. The union was political and understandably, the twenty-year old royal was reluctant to marry a man over thirty years her senior. However, Princess Mary Rose dutifully agreed to the match on condition that should she outlive the French monarch she could choose her new husband, namely Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk – a close friend of Henry.  Princess Mary’s marriage to King Louis was short-lived as he died just three months later, allowing her to marry Charles Brandon.  The tapestry is of historic importance as the woman to the right of Princess Mary Rose is supposedly Anne Boleyn – it is known that she and her sister Mary were present at the French Court at the time of the wedding in October 1514. 

Bedroom with life size models of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

Kathleen and Bryce in the bedroom where Henry VI stayed when courting Anne.

The petition signed in 1530 by the House of Lords to Pope Clement VII asking that the Catholic church grant Henry VIII's marriage annulment to Catherine of Aragon and threatening that if "His Holiness" does not grant the "Remedy" sought, they will be forced "...to attain this end by other means."  The Pope did not grant the annulment which eventually led to the English Reformation where The Church of England was formed with Henry VIII as supreme head and all Roman Catholic churches and riches were confiscated for use by the King of England.  

The yew maze from the window of Hever castle.  The maze was built a by William Waldorf Astor, who along with a number of other wealthy people created mazes for their own enjoyment. The hedges are eight feet high and there is almost a quarter of a mile of pathways to get lost in! It is one of only a few traditionally designed mazes in the UK.


Eastbourne and Seven Sisters
The Seven Sisters and Beachy Head are a series of chalk cliffs on the English Channel near the city of Eastbourne.  They are occasionally used in filmmaking and television production as a stand-in for the more famous White Cliffs of Dover, since they are relatively free of anachronistic modern development and are also allowed to erode naturally. As a result, the Seven Sisters and Beachy Head remain a bright white color, whereas the White Cliffs of Dover are increasingly covered in vegetation.

Kathleen and Bryce with the Beachy Head lighthouse in the distance.  Looking over the edge gives you an almost vertical look downward toward the sea.

Sister Burkinshaw, Bryce and Kathleen with the Seven Sisters in the background.  Over 100 feet of cliffs have eroded into the sea in the past hundred years.

Bryce and Kathleen with the Seven Sisters in the background.  In order, the peaks are called Haven Brow, Short Brow, Rough Brow, Brass Point, Flagstaff Point, Flat Hill, and Baily's Hill.  Went Hill Brow is also visible and was created by erosion of the sea. 

Kathleen, Bryce and Sister Burkinshaw near the Belle Tout Lighthouse looking back towards the Seven Sisters.

Bryce and Kathleen at one of the points near the Belle Tout Lighthouse.  You can see chalk cliffs are quite steep.  The chalk is a soft white, very finely grained pure limestone, and are commonly 300-400m deep. The chalk layers built up gradually over millions of years. They're formed from the skeletal remains of minute planktonic green algae that lived floating in the upper levels of the ocean. 

Bryce and Kathleen at the Belle Tout lighthouse.  You will note at the left the original base of the lighthouse, which was moved about 60 feet further inland because of the erosion.




Bodiam Castle
Bodiam Castle is a 14th-century moated castle near Robertsbridge in East Sussex, England. It was built in 1385 by Sir Edward Dalyngrigge, a former knight of Edward III, with the permission of Richard II, ostensibly to defend the area against French invasion during the Hundred Years' War. Of quadrangular plan, its corners and entrance are marked by towers, and topped by crenellations (battlements).

Bryce and Kathleen in front of Bodiam Castle with its very large moat.

Bryce and Kathleen at the bridge across the moat at Bodiam Castle.

Bryce, Kathleen and Sister Burkinshaw in front of Bodiam Castle.

Bryce and Kathleen inside Bodiam Castle in what had been the Chapel.

The courtyard inside Bodiam Castle.  It has been over 300 years since the castle has been used as a dwelling but despite the years of neglect, it is still in amazing condition.

Queen Kathleen and King Bryce sit on their thrones in Bodiam Castle.

A view of the inside of Bodiam Castle.  Note that most of the inner wall is no longer standing.  There were at least three levels to the castle and large wooden beams would have formed the supports for the roof.

Kathleen and Sister Burkinshaw at the top battlement of Bodiam Castle.

Bryce and Kathleen inside the huge fireplace of the kitchen that would feed the family and servants in Bodiam Castle. 

Bryce and Kathleen on one of the towers at Bodiam Castle.



Dover Castle
Dover Castle is a medieval castle in Dover, Kent, England, founded in the 11th century by Henry II and is the largest castle in England.  It is described as the "Key to England" due to its defensive position only 21 miles across the English Channel from Calais, France.  It was Henry II who ordered the murder of Thomas Beckett and ironically he turned the Dover Castle into a money-making enterprise catering to the thousands of pilgrims that journeyed to St. Thomas' Shrine at Canterbury Cathedral.  


Dover Castle with it's green hills.

Bryce and Kathleen with the entrance to Dover Castle in the background.

Kathleen and Sister Burkinshaw stirring up some stew in the Dover Castle kitchen at the basement level.

The chapel at Dover Castle which is still used for worship today.

Kathleen and Bryce sitting at a replica of the tables and wooden bowls that would have been used in the 12th century.

Bryce and Kathleen in the throne room of Dover Castle.

Bryce and Kathleen at the top battlement of Dover Castle which overlooks the coast.

A picture of some of the out building around Dover Castle and St Mary de Castro Church with it's tower on the right which is the oldest structure in the Dover Castle complex, built in about 1000 AD. 

Bryce, Sister Burkinshaw and Kathleen showing the massive size of Dover Castle.

Kathleen and Bryce at the seaward entrance to Dover Castle.


Dover Cliffs

Bryce and Kathleen at the Dover Cliffs looking westward towards the Port of Dover which  is one of the world's busiest passenger ports, with 11.7 million passengers, 2.6 million semi-trucks, 2.2 million cars and motorcycles and 80,000 buses passing through it in 2017, with an annual turnover of $80 million a year.  The Channel Tunnel in nearby Cheriton now takes an estimated 20 million passengers and 1.6 million trucks.


Bryce and Kathleen looking eastward on the Dover Cliffs.

Bryce and Kathleen and the English Channel looking towards Calais, France, which you can see in the distance, which is 21 miles away.

Bryce and Kathleen and the White Cliffs of Dover.  Note that the cliffs' chalk face shows horizontal bands of dark-colored flint which is composed of the remains of sea sponges and siliceous planktonic micro-organisms which hardened into the microscopic quartz crystals. 

Bryce and Kathleen from the Dover Cliffs looking back towards Dover Castle.

Sister and Elder Burkinshaw on the path the goes along the Dover Cliffs with Dover Castle in the background.


Canterbury Cathedral

Canterbury Cathedral is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion.  Founded in 597, the cathedral was largely rebuilt in the Gothic style following a fire in 1174, with significant eastward extensions to accommodate the flow of pilgrims visiting the shrine of Thomas Becket, the archbishop who was murdered in the cathedral in 1170.  Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales relates the story of various pilgrims journeying to Becket's shrine and popularized English vernacular in mainstream literature, as opposed to French, Italian or Latin.

Bryce, Kathleen and Sister Burkinshaw with the Christchurch Gate (built in 1507 AD) which is the entrance to Canterbury Cathedral.  The green statue is an image of Christ. 

Sister Burkinshaw, Kathleen and Bryce at the southwest entrance to Canterbury Cathedral.  

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the altar marking the spot of the Martyrdom of Thomas Beckett who was Archbishop of Canterbury.  Beckett had been appointed Archbishop by King Henry II thinking that Beckett would "rubber stamp" on behalf of the Church all of the Kings plans.  However, once appointed, he developed a conscience which frustrated the King.  In the presence of several knights, he is purported to have said, "Will no one rid me of this meddlesome cleric?"  The knights took that as a commission to kill Beckett.  They rode to Canterbury Cathedral and in this spot, the attacked him with swords in a most gruesome manner.  Note the monument with 3 vertical sword and a horizontal sword all of which appear to be dipped in blood.  Beckett was quickly canonized as a saint by Rome and his burial place became a shrine for pilgrims seeking special blessings from all over Europe.

This is the "screen" that leads to the "quire" (modern spelling is "choir") in Canterbury Cathedral.  The statues  (left to right) represent Henry V, Richard II, Ethelbert (holding a model of the cathedral), Edward the Confessor, Henry IV and Henry VI. 

Bryce and Kathleen in the Cathedral.  Note the Gothic architecture 

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the former site of Thomas Beckett's Shrine.  Two hundred years after his death, King Henry VIII summoned Beckett (who was long dead) to accuse him of being a traitor to the King, convicted him and therefore confiscated all the riches that pilgrims had left at the Shrine.  Some of the Crown Jewels of England are from the goods confiscated from Beckett's Shrine.

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the north side of Canterbury Cathedral.

Queningate park just north of Canterbury Cathedral with it's ancient Roman walls.


Greenwich

Bryce and Kathleen at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, just across the Thames River from downtown London.

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the Royal Observatory, which is the home of references for time and length in Britain.

Kathleen straddling the Prime Meridian which separates East from West.  It is this line that defines Greenwich Mean Time which is the reference for the world.

Bryce straddling the Prime Meridian.


Kathleen and Bryce in front of the Flaamsted House at the Royal Observatory.  The observatory was commissioned in 1675 by King Charles II.  At that time the king also created the position of Astronomer Royal, to serve as the director of the observatory and to "apply himself with the most exact care and diligence to the rectifying of the tables of the motions of the heavens, and the places of the fixed stars, so as to find out the so much desired longitude of places for the perfecting of the art of navigation." He appointed John Flamsteed as the first Astronomer Royal. The building was often called "Flamsteed House", in reference to its first occupant.  Note the orange "time ball" which since 1830 has dropped at 1:00pm daily providing a Greenwich Mean Time reference to all the ships on the Thames which used time to establish their longitudinal coordinates.

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the giant "ship in a bottle" in front of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich Park, just down the hill from the Royal Observatory.

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the Cutty Sark, one of the last sailing vessels in the English fleet (built in 1869 in Glasgow Scotland).

The tunnel under the River Thames near Greenwich Park.

London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, as well as the largest city within the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England, at the head of its 50-mile (80 km) estuary leading to the North Sea, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. Londinium was founded by the Romans.  London is considered to be one of the world's most important global cities and has been termed the world's most powerful, most desirable, most influential, most visited, most expensive, innovative, sustainable, most investment friendly, most popular for work, and the most vegetarian friendly city in the world.  It is one of the financial centers of the world.

Kathleen and Bryce on the Millennial Bridge across the River Thames with the "Shard" building on the right and the Tower Bridge in the distance.

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the White Tower which is the central tower at the Tower of London. It was built by William the Conqueror during the early 1080s, and subsequently extended. The White Tower was the castle's strongest point militarily, and provided accommodation for the king and his representatives, as well as a chapel. Henry III ordered the tower whitewashed in 1240.  

Bryce and Kathleen with the home of the Crown Jewels in the background at the Tower of London.

Bryce, Kathleen and Sister Burkinshaw at the entrance to the Crown Jewels at the Tower of London.

Kathleen and Bryce with the faces of various English Kings in the White Tower at the Tower of London.

Bryce, Kathleen and Sister Burkinshaw in front of the Lyceum Theatre where we saw the musical "The Lion King."  Hakuna Matata!

Bryce and Kathleen after the show.

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the Hyde Park Chapel built in 1961 and dedicated by President David O. McKay.  This is a stake center, meetinghouse for 3 wards and the London England Mission Office.

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the Albert Memorial.  Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, died at the young age of 42.  He married Queen Victoria at age 20 and was known for supporting public causes, such as educational reform and the abolition of slavery worldwide, and was entrusted with running the Queen's household, office and estates. He was heavily involved with the organisation of the Great Exhibition of 1851 (which was the precursor to the Worlds Fair) which was a resounding success.  He aided the development of Britain's constitutional monarchy by persuading the Queen to be less partisan in her dealings with Parliament.  

Bryce and Kathleen in front of Royal Prince Albert Hall, one of the UK's most treasured and distinctive buildings opened in 1871 and which holds 5,267 people.  It is located directly across the street from the Albert Memorial.

The Princess Diana Memorial Fountain which is a cross between a water slide and a lazy river located in Hyde Park.

Bryce, Kathleen and Sister Burkinshaw in front of the Victoria and Albert Museum, which is the world's largest museum of applied and decorative arts and design, as well as sculpture, housing a permanent collection of over 2.27 million objects.  It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert who were beloved by their subjects.

Bryce and Kathleen with the famous "Life-Boat and Manby Apparatus Going Off to a Stranded Vessel Making Signal (Blue Lights) of Distress" by Joseph Mallord William Turner at the Victoria and Albert Museum.  This painting gave inspiration to President Thomas S. Monson and he named it "To the Rescue" in his conference talk of the same name.

Bryce and Kathleen in front of St. Ermins Hotel where we stayed in central London.

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square.  The National Gallery holdsa collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900, including works by Michelangelo, Van Gogh, Monet, Rubens, Cézanne, etc.

Bryce and Kathleen at Trafalgar Square in front of the Column Monument to Lord Admiral Horatio Nelson, who symbolizes the British devotion to duty.  Nelson let the victory over the French and Spanish at the Port of Trafalgar Spain but at the cost of his own life.  His last words were "England expects that every man will do his duty."

Kathleen and Bryce on one of the famous subway (Underground or Tube) cars.  The transportation system in London is great!

Sister Burkinshaw, Bryce and Kathleen in front of the British Museum which was established in 1753 and is dedicated to human history, art and culture. Its permanent collection of some eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence, having been widely sourced during the era of the British Empire. It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present. It was the first public national museum in the world.

Kathleen in front of the historic Rosetta Stone which was carved in 196 BC and has writing on two languages (Egyptian and Greek), using three scripts (hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek).  Discovered in 1799, it provides a basis for translation of the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics.  After many years of studying the Rosetta Stone and other examples of ancient Egyptian writing, Jean-François Champollion deciphered hieroglyphs in 1822.

Bryce and Kathleen in front of a reliefs taken from the North Palace of Neneveh entitled The royal Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal. These carvings are widely regarded as "the supreme masterpieces of Assyrian art".  They show a formalized ritual "hunt" by King Ashurbanipal (reigned 668 – c. 631/627 BC) in an arena, where captured Asian lions were released from cages for the king to slaughter with arrows, spears, or his sword. They were made about 645–635 BC. They were originally painted in bright colors.

Bryce and Kathleen at the Nereid Monument, a sculptured tomb from Xanthos in Lycia a province of the Persian Empire which is on the Mediterranean Sea in current-day Turkey. It took the form of a Greek temple on top of a base decorated with sculpted friezes, and is thought to have been built in the early fourth century BC (circa 390 BC) as a tomb for Arbinas who ruled western Lycia.  The ruins were rediscovered by British traveler Charles Fellows in the and were shipped to the British Museum and reconstructed.

Bryce and Kathleen in front of the Lewis chessmen (named after Lewis Bay in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, where they were found.  These distinctive 12th-century chess pieces, carved from walrus ivory, are from the period that the modern game of chess originated.

Close-up of some of the Lewis chessmen.

Kathleen "holding" the gold model chariot which is part of the Oxus treasure (found near the Oxus River in modern-day Tajikistan) of the Persian Empire which is believed to date from the fourth century BC

Bryce and Kathleen in front of St Paul's Cathedral, which is the home of the Anglican Bishop of London and was designed in the late-17th Century by Sir Christopher Wren.  Lord Admiral Horatio Nelson and artist JMW Turner are just a few of the famous historical figures buried in St Paul's Cathedral.  

It is worth noting that after being married for a couple of years Kathleen and Bryce discovered, after printing off their "Family Fan Charts", that they were connected through the Croft line. Kathleen's third great grandfather (Thomas Wooley Croft, 1823-1881) and Bryce's 4th great grandmother (Jane Croft, 1831-1901) were siblings. 


What a blessing that Kathleen and Bryce would be brought together to share their mortal journey with five handsome boys and because of these ancestors choices do so with the full blessings of the restored Gospel of Jesus Christ and the Sealing ordinances of the temple. These ancestors must rejoice as they watch their righteous posterity continue the sacrifices necessary to be a "welding link".

President Gordon B Hinckley said, “Everything that occurs in the temple is of an uplifting and ennobling kind.  It speaks of the importance of the family as a creation of the Almighty.  It speaks of the eternity of the marriage relationship.  It speaks of going on to greater glory.  It is a place of light, a place of peace, a place of love where we deal with the things of eternity.  The temple blessings are the crowning blessings the Church has to offer.”  (Teachings of the Presidents of the Church:  Gordon B Hinckley, Chapter 23 "Blessings of the Temple")
Elder and Sister Burkinshaw